Internet of Things Security Case Studies and Internet of Things Core Service Comparions

This culminating project conducted an analysis of IoT security breach case studies. The analysis identified numerous vulnerable points: software failure, node tampering attack, eavesdropping, code injection, unauthorized access, social engineering attack, hardware exploitation, and node insertion. It therefor seems that even with the proper tests conducted on vulnerabilities to discover solutions, regular end users are unable to apply patches or other technical solutions to protect themselves. This project solely focuses on analyzing of comprehensive IoT security services that come with devices connected to home network. The devices are those provided by the big three: Amazon, Google, and Microsoft, on the communication between platform and devices, how they are protected, and how costs vary depending on different situations. Also, performance differences were analyzed among different solutions based on three different scenarios with different number of settings to give a deeper insight to users. There are comparisons throughout the paper, but it is to help normal users make better choices depending on their different situations and purpose of usage

Simple neovaginoplasty using spontaneous regeneration ability of labial and vestibular flap in patients with Müllerian agenesis

Objectives: This study is aimed to introduce a simple neovaginoplasty procedure without significant complications using the spontaneous regenerative ability of labial and vestibular advancement flaps in patients with Müllerian agenesis. Materials and methods: Prospectively collected data of 5 patients with vaginal agenesis due to Müllerian duct abnormality who underwent neovaginoplasty using labial and vestibular advancement flaps were retrospectively reviewed. Operative details, perioperative outcome, complications, length and width of the neovagina, and the postoperative sexual activity were evaluated. Results: The mean operation time was 48 min (range 30â60 min) and the duration of follow-up ranged from 7 to 50 months. The mean length of the neovagina was 9.6 cm Ã 3.5 cm and 10.8 cm Ã 3.5 cm at hospital discharge and at final follow-up, respectively. No significant complications occurred during or after surgery. Epithelialization was completed by 8â20 months and the time to first sexual intercourse ranged from 3 weeks to 27 months and none of the patients experienced any intercourse-related difficulties. Conclusion: Our neovaginoplasty technique using labial and vestibular advancement flap is simple, safe, minimally invasive and effective while avoiding the morbidity associated with other grafting techniques. Keywords: Labial advancement flaps, Müllerian agenesis, Neovagina, Vaginoplast

Table_2_Early apixaban administration considering the size of infarction and functional outcome in acute ischemic stroke.DOCX

Background and purposeAtrial fibrillation-related stroke (AF-stroke) is associated with an adverse prognosis, characterized by a high incidence of progression, recurrence, and hemorrhagic transformation. Our study aims to investigate the potential benefits of stratified early administration of apixaban, taking into account infarct size during the acute phase, in order to enhance functional outcomes.MethodsWe conducted this study at a tertiary referral stroke center, enrolling acute AF-stroke patients who received apixaban during the acute phase. Infarct size was categorized as small, medium, or large based on diffusion-weighted imaging. Patients were divided into two groups: standard initiation (apixaban initiation based on guidelines, i.e., small: 4 days, medium: 7 days, large: 14 days after stroke) and early initiation (initiation before guideline recommendations) groups. We compared favorable outcomes (modified Rankin scale score ≤ 2) at 3 months post-stroke, stroke progression, early recurrence, and symptomatic hemorrhagic transformation (sHT) between the groups.ResultsOut of 299 AF-stroke patients, 170 (56.9%) were in the early initiation group. A favorable outcome was observed in 105 (61.8%) patients in the early initiation group and 62 (48.1%) patients in the standard initiation group (p = 0.019). Stroke progression or early recurrence occurred less frequently in the early initiation group (4.7% versus 13.2%, p = 0.007). Nevertheless, no difference in sHT was noted between the groups. Early initiation of apixaban was independently associated with favorable outcomes (odds ratio: 2.75, 95% confidence interval: 1.44–5.28, p = 0.002).ConclusionOur findings suggest that early initiation of apixaban, tailored to infarct size, could serve as a viable strategy to enhance functional outcomes. This approach may potentially decrease stroke progression and early recurrence without elevating the risk of sHT.</p

Table_1_Early apixaban administration considering the size of infarction and functional outcome in acute ischemic stroke.DOCX

Background and purposeAtrial fibrillation-related stroke (AF-stroke) is associated with an adverse prognosis, characterized by a high incidence of progression, recurrence, and hemorrhagic transformation. Our study aims to investigate the potential benefits of stratified early administration of apixaban, taking into account infarct size during the acute phase, in order to enhance functional outcomes.MethodsWe conducted this study at a tertiary referral stroke center, enrolling acute AF-stroke patients who received apixaban during the acute phase. Infarct size was categorized as small, medium, or large based on diffusion-weighted imaging. Patients were divided into two groups: standard initiation (apixaban initiation based on guidelines, i.e., small: 4 days, medium: 7 days, large: 14 days after stroke) and early initiation (initiation before guideline recommendations) groups. We compared favorable outcomes (modified Rankin scale score ≤ 2) at 3 months post-stroke, stroke progression, early recurrence, and symptomatic hemorrhagic transformation (sHT) between the groups.ResultsOut of 299 AF-stroke patients, 170 (56.9%) were in the early initiation group. A favorable outcome was observed in 105 (61.8%) patients in the early initiation group and 62 (48.1%) patients in the standard initiation group (p = 0.019). Stroke progression or early recurrence occurred less frequently in the early initiation group (4.7% versus 13.2%, p = 0.007). Nevertheless, no difference in sHT was noted between the groups. Early initiation of apixaban was independently associated with favorable outcomes (odds ratio: 2.75, 95% confidence interval: 1.44–5.28, p = 0.002).ConclusionOur findings suggest that early initiation of apixaban, tailored to infarct size, could serve as a viable strategy to enhance functional outcomes. This approach may potentially decrease stroke progression and early recurrence without elevating the risk of sHT.</p

Antithrombotic treatments in patients with acute ischemic stroke and non-valvular atrial fibrillation before introduction of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants into practice in Korea.

BACKGROUND:This study aimed to describe patterns of long-term antithrombotic use in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) in Korea and their impacts on clinical events before introduction of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOAC) into practice in 2015. METHODS:Patients with NVAF who were admitted due to the AIS and discharged no later than 2008 were enrolled retrospectively. Data were collected at 11 time points during the first 3 years of follow-up. The primary outcome event was a composite of stroke recurrence, major bleeding, and death. Vitamin K antagonist (VKA) users were categorized into a well-controlled INR group and a poorly-controlled INR group (modified TTR ≥47.0% vs <47.0%). RESULTS:Of 1,350 patients enrolled in this study, 95% were on antithrombotic medications at discharge. The rate of VKA usage decreased over time (77% and 40% at discharge and 3 years, respectively). The cumulative event rates of the primary outcome differed by treatment patterns. Among the 10 most frequent treatment types, the highest outcome rate was observed in patients who started with VKA-only therapy but discontinued VKAs during follow-up without restarting (70.2%); this was followed by those starting with antiplatelet-only therapy and stopping it without restart (66.7%). Among VKA users, the 3-year cumulative primary outcome rates were higher in the poorly-controlled INR group than the well-controlled INR group (24.5% vs 15.7%; p = 0.015). CONCLUSION:Our study revealed that, in pre-NOAC era, there was a wide spectrum of long-term antithrombotic use. The incidence of the composite outcome also varied by patterns of antithrombotic use